Flight is one of the most energetically expensive modes of locomotion and there are few aspects of a flying organism’s physiology and behaviour that are not affected by its demands. Aerodynamic theory predicts that birds save energy flying in a V-formation, but a reduction in metabolic energy expenditure has yet to be directly demonstrated. This project will use a multidisciplinary, integrative approach to investigate the metabolic, mechanical and aerodynamic consequences of flying in formation. This project will suit applicants with a background in either biology or engineering with specific interests in any of the following: muscle physiology, flight mechanics, or aerodynamics.